It is widely acknowledged that the development of chemistry, both historically and in the present day, is fundamentally rooted in D.I. Mendeleev's discovery and the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, which has been in use for over 150 years. This study proposes a novel conceptualization of chemical elements structured as a three-dimensional matrix. This approach enables the prediction of new elements, including the determination oftheir nuclear masses and electron shell configurations. New regularities concerning the cyclic and block structures of horizontal periods have been formulated, while the structure of vertical groups and their physical interpretation have been refined. The findings indicate that the Periodic Law fundamentally relies on the system of two equations. According to these equations, block energy increases cyclically, approaching near-zero values from negative ones in the “8s” block. The authors propose that the existence of chemical elements in nature culminates with the “8s” block. Thus, the total number of chemical elements that can exist in nature is evidently 120.